Optimized Decision Model for Soil-Moisture Control Lower Limits and Evapotranspiration-Based Irrigation Replenishment Ratios Based on AquaCrop-OSPy, PyFAO56, and NSGA-II and Its Application

作者：Xu Liu, Zhaolong Liu, Wenhui Tang, Zhichao An, Jun Liang, Yanling Chen, Yuxin Miao, Hainie Zha, Krzysztof Kuśnierek · 发表于：Agriculture · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.3390/agriculture16070806 · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics、Climate change impacts on agriculture、Irrigation Practices and Water Management

As water resources are becoming increasingly scarce in the North China Plain, irrigation strategies that simultaneously improve grain yield and reduce irrigation water input are needed for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Current irrigation decision rules are based either on fixed soil moisture thresholds or on evapotranspiration (ET)-based ratios applied uniformly across the growing season, limiting their flexibility for growth stage-specific irrigation management. In this study, a multi-objective simulation optimization framework was developed to jointly optimize soil moisture lower control limits (irrigation trigger thresholds) and evapotranspiration-based irrigation replenishment ratios across key winter wheat growth stages. The framework integrated the AquaCrop-OSPy crop model with the PyFAO56 soil moisture balance, irrigation scheduling model and the NSGA-II evolutionary optimization algorithm. A field experiment was conducted during the 2024–2025 growing season in Laoling City, Shandong Province, China, employing a four-dense–one-sparse strip cropping pattern with two irrigation treatments: T1 (subsurface sprinkler irrigation) and T2 (shallow subsurface drip irrigation). The AquaCrop-OSPy model was calibrated and validated using measured canopy cover, aboveground biomass, grain yield, and soil moisture content in the 0–60 cm soil layer. Simulated canopy cover and grain yield showed good agreement with observations, with the coefficient of determination (...