Background motion suppression in color Doppler using a high‑frame‑rate spread‑spectrum technique

作者：Kian Esmailian, Eric Langridge, Lauren A. Wirtzfeld, James C. Lacefield · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1117/12.3086179 · 研究领域：Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques、Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques、Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques

This paper advances the capabilities of a previously introduced spread-spectrum color Doppler method for highframe- rate imaging of high, rapidly changing blood velocities. The method is presented as an alternative to single-plane-wave (SPW) Doppler for ultrafast blood-flow imaging without coherent compounding. Each frame of a spread-spectrum image is acquired by transmitting plane waves at a sequence of azimuth angles that is repeated multiple times in a different random order during each repetition. Randomization of the plane-wave angle modulates in-focus and off-focus echoes in distinct manners that enable off-focus echoes to be suppressed by filtering. In this study, a series combination of a notching comb filter and a singular value decomposition (SVD) filter is introduced to attenuate non-stationary clutter. A flow-phantom experiment performed using a VisualSonics Vevo F2 scanner demonstrates the spread-spectrum method’s capability to image pulsatile flow at a 128bpm heart rate using a frame rate of 243Hz. In Field II simulations, the spread-spectrum method yielded more accurate velocity estimates than SPW Doppler for examples with moderate-frequency (≤ 5Hz) tissue vibration. The performance of spread-spectrum Doppler declined in the presence of higher-frequency (20Hz) tissue vibration, but the two-stage comb and SVD filter dramatically improved velocity estimation and image quality compared to spread-spectrum imaging using only an SVD filter. The results encourage cont...