Mitochondrial dysfunction as a driver of chronic pain: New insights and therapeutic prospects

作者：Yi‐Lin Fan, Fang-Yu Dai, Jiayi Wang, Xin-Yi Dai, Wenlu Song, Zhigang Wu, Shao-Jie Gao, Mei Tao, Long-Qing Zhang, Tianzhu Liu, Shu-Guang Yang, Dai-Qiang Liu, Ya-Qun Zhou, Wei Mei · 发表于：Pharmacological Research · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1016/j.phrs.2026.108170 · 被引用次数：3 · 研究领域：Pain Mechanisms and Treatments、Mitochondrial Function and Pathology、Adipose Tissue and Metabolism

Chronic pain is a significant global health burden often resistant to conventional analgesics. Evidence implicates that mitochondrial dysfunction is not only a cellular consequence of injury, but also a fundamental driver of pain chronification. This review synthesizes current insights into how mitochondrial impairment contributes to pain chronification across diverse pathological contexts. Bioenergetic failure marked by ATP depletion and electron transport chain defects plays a central role. This energy crisis converges with oxidative stress, calcium overload, and neuroinflammation to promote neuronal hyperexcitability. Meanwhile, impaired mitophagy, suppressed biogenesis, and abnormal dynamics all contribute to the disrupted mitochondrial quality control, which further perpetuates cellular stress. Crucially, the efficacy of multiple mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategies was summarized in this review. Despite gaps in current research, we emphasize that developments in biomarker and exploration of neuro-glial immune interactions could advance mitochondria-based precision medicine for pain management.