Risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting after general anesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

作者：Xiaoyan Dou, X Y Yang, Yun Liu, Jiayi Liu, Liuna Bi, Li Zhao, Fuchan Hu, Mengyao Huang, Jingyuan Zhang, Xun Zhou, Yan Jiang · 发表于：Frontiers in Medicine · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.3389/fmed.2026.1791765 · 被引用次数：6 · 研究领域：Nausea and vomiting management、Enhanced Recovery After Surgery、Anesthesia and Pain Management

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively analyze and summarize the risk factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing general anesthesia. Methods: Literature screening, data extraction, and statistical analysis were conducted by an independent investigator. Meta-analyses were conducted for included studies using a random-effects method and generic inverse variance. All risk factors analyzed in the multifactorial regression models of the included studies were included in the meta-analysis to calculate the combined OR and 95% CI. Results: = 355,117). Patient-specific factors included female gender (OR 2.39), motion sickness (2.08), non-smoking (1.70), migraine (1.38), BMI (1.06), age (0.98), ASA II (0.97) and ASA III (0.84). Anesthetic factors included patient-controlled analgesia (1.51), volatile anesthetics (1.46), postoperative-opioids (1.32), duration of anesthesia (1.31), intraoperative-opioids (1.22), N2O (1.12), intravenous-anesthesia (1.12), fentanyl (1.07), preventive antiemetic (0.84), and hormone medications (0.81). Of the 16 surgical factors, breast surgery (2.13), cholecystectomy (2.07), abdominal surgery (1.37), gynecology surgery (1.34), and surgical duration (1.13) were statistically significant. The remaining surgical factors, namely plastic (2.01), ophthalmologic surgery (2.0), neurosurgery (1.71), head/neck surgery (1.38), ear/nose/throat surgery (1.34), orthopedics (1.27), thyroid surgery (1.26)...