Haplotype-resolved T2T genome and population resequencing provide insights into the domestication and mogroside biosynthesis of Siraitia grosvenorii (Cucurbitaceae)

作者：Yixuan Kou, Shulan Wang, Wei Xie, Li Dou, Da Pan, Bowen Lai, Fuyan Mo, Panyu Yang, Dongchang Zeng, Sujuan Wei, Haimiao Wang, Zhiyong Zhang, Shaoqing Tang · 发表于：Horticulture Research · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1093/hr/uhag103 · 被引用次数：1 · 研究领域：Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques、Advances in Cucurbitaceae Research、Food Chemistry and Fat Analysis

Abstract Monk fruit (Siraitia grosvenorii, Cucurbitaceae) is globally renowned for its triterpenoid glycoside mogroside V, a high-intensity, non-caloric natural sweetener. However, its domestication and mogroside biosynthesis remain largely unknown. Here, we report a haplotype-resolved telomere-to-telomere (T2T) gapless genome for monk fruit, consisting of 14 chromosomes with genome sizes of 316.21 Mb (Hap1) and 316.07 Mb (Hap2). Comparative genomic analyses of the haplotypes revealed that structural variations and transposable elements have significantly contributed to genomic variation and architecture in monk fruit. Population genomic analyses based on 173 re-sequenced genomes indicated that cultivated monk fruit was mainly domesticated in situ from local wild populations in northern Guangxi of China, and that it likely experienced a mild domestication bottleneck, while exhibiting low genetic diversity. Demographic inference further revealed that the low genetic diversity is largely attributed to demographic changes driven by historical climate shifts. Selective sweeps were identified across all chromosomes of cultivated monk fruit, among which are genes exhibiting diverse putative functions and involved in various biosynthetic processes and secondary metabolism. This pattern of selective sweeps demonstrates the joint role of artificial selection and demographic changes in shaping the genomic landscape of cultivated monk fruit. Furthermore, comparative transcriptome analys...