Spatial and cellular composition of lung fibrosis induced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes

作者：Biqi Han, Xinwei Li, Jiayi Li, Ying Liu, Siyu Li, Jiawen Tian, Zhanjun Lv, Dongfang Liu, Miaomiao Li, Shuke Ji, Jingjing Lu, Zhigang Zhang · 发表于：Journal of Nanobiotechnology · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1186/s12951-026-04135-5 · 被引用次数：1 · 研究领域：Immune cells in cancer、Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis、IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways

BACKGROUND: The pulmonary immune system orchestrates lung homeostasis and protects against environmental insults through coordinated actions of immune and structural cells. Traditional Chinese medicine recognized the functional interaction between the lungs and the large intestine more than 2000 years ago, but direct evidence for this relationship in modern biomedical research remains limited. Although inhaled nanomaterials can induce lung fibrosis, the underlying immune mechanisms and their impact on large intestine remain poorly understood. Here, we integrated spatial transcriptomics, mRNA-seq, metabolomics, microbiome profiling, and validation in vitro to investigate how multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) exposure affects pulmonary immune responses and gut homeostasis in mice. RESULTS: MWCNTs were administered to mice via oropharyngeal aspiration. We integrated spatial transcriptomics, bulk RNA sequencing, serum metabolomics, 16S rRNA microbiome profiling, and macrophage experiments in vitro. This multi-omics approach mapped pulmonary cellular alterations, identified key cell-cell signaling pathways, and examined downstream metabolic and intestinal changes provoked by MWCNTs. The results suggested that inhaled MWCNTs induced distinct spatial reorganization of pulmonary cellular architecture, characterized by macrophage- and fibroblast-enriched clusters associated with localized immune activation. Furthermore, cell-cell communication analysis identified Slamf7-Slamf7 in...