Longitudinal Epidemiology and Variant Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Coastal Kenya (2020–2025): Clinical Features and Wave Patterns

作者：Arnold W. Lambisia, Joyce U. Nyiro, George Githinji, Esther Nyadzua Katama, Edidah Moraa, John Mwita, Martin Mutunga, Grace Maina, Philip Bejon, My V T Phan, Matthew Cotten, Simon Dellicour, L Isabella Ochola-Oyier, Charles Sande, Edward C Holmes, James Nyagwange, Mr Charles Agoti · 发表于：Open Forum Infectious Diseases · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1093/ofid/ofag084 · 被引用次数：1 · 研究领域：SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing、SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research、Respiratory viral infections research

Background: SARS-CoV-2 is a major cause of outpatient-attended acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Data from Africa are limited on SARS-CoV-2 infection, variants, symptom profile, and longitudinal trends for outpatient presentation. Methods: Starting December 2020, we established ARI surveillance at 5 outpatient clinics in coastal Kenya, recruiting ∼15 participants (any age) per week per clinic for SARS-CoV-2 testing and genome analysis. Participants provided respiratory samples, demographic details, and vaccination and symptom data. We compared SARS-CoV-2 clinical and molecular epidemiology before and during Omicron waves using multivariate logistic regression. Results: By February 2025, we had recruited 14 562 ARI cases, with 1053 (7.2%) testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. The median age of cases was 25 years (IQR, 15-41) and 65.0% were female. Nine infection waves were recorded, with positivity ranging 8.2% to 25.6%. Interwave intervals increased from ≤3 months in 2021 to ≥6 months in 2024. Sixty-eight PANGO lineages were identified from 782 (74.2%) sequenced cases, with 4 predominating local waves (AY.116, BQ.1.8, FY.4.1, LF.7.3.2), which were rare globally (<0.5%) during their detection period. Overall, common symptoms among positive cases were cough (91.5%), nasal discharge (76.7%), and fever (53.1%). Loss of sense of smell was strongly predictive of COVID-19 in the pre-Omicron era, but body malaise, sore throat, joint pain, and nasal discharge were predictive during the ...