Continental Contrasts in Climate Extremes That Control Tree Fecundity

作者：James S. Clark, Robert A. Andrus, Margarita Arianoutsou, Davide Ascoli, Yves Bergeron, Michał Bogdziewicz, Thomas Boivin, Raul Bonal, Thomas Caignard, Maxime Cailleret, Rafael Calama, J. Julio Camarero, Francesco Chianucci, Emil Cienciala, Benoı̂t Courbaud, Sylvain Delzon, Michael C. Dietze, Josep‐Maria Espelta, Bruno Fady, Nikolaos M. Fyllas, Gregory S. Gilbert, Georg Gratzer, Arthur Guignabert, Andrew Hacket‐Pain, Arndt Hampe, Mick E. Hanley, Janneke HilleRisLambers, Jan Holík, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Miao Hu, Inés Ibáñez, Fatih Işık, Lauren S. Jenkins, Jill F. Johnstone, Valentin Journé, Alper K. Kadıoğlu, Irem Sena Kızılaslan, Johannes M. H. Knops, Richard K. Kobe, Nesibe Köse, Eylul U. Kulah, Georges Künstler, Jalene M. LaMontagne, Mateusz Ledwoń, Aleksi Lehtonen, Verónica Loewe‐Muñoz, James A. Lutz, Anders Mårell, Kira Meyer, Emily Moran, Renzo Motta, J. A. Myers, Thomas A. Nagel, Ignacio M. Pérez‐Ramos, Łukasz Piechnik, Tomasz Podgórski, Renata Poulton‐Kamakura, Tong Qiu, Miranda D. Redmond, Chantal D. Reid, Kyle C. Rodman, Francisco Rodriguez‐Sánchez, Pavel Šamonil, Vladimír Šebeň, Barbara Seget, Shubhi Sharma, Jaroslaw Socha, Michael A. Steele, Jacob N. Straub, Samantha Sutton, Peter A. Thomas, Giorgio Vacchiano, Marie‐Claude Venner, Samuel Venner, Miguel A. Zavala, S. Lilly Zheng, Magdalena Żywiec · 发表于：Global Change Biology · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1111/gcb.70738 · 被引用次数：3 · 研究领域：Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies、Tree-ring climate responses、Horticultural and Viticultural Research

In 2023, more than half of olive harvests (Olea europaea) across Spain, Greece, and Türkiye were lost to drought. The same year late freeze destroyed 90% of the peach crop (Prunus persica) on the Georgia Piedmont and the apple crop (Malus domestica) in central New York, Vermont, and southern Quebec. Climate extremes now rank with the costliest threats to agriculture, but their role in forest recovery from diebacks that are happening globally is unknown for lack of tree fecundity estimates in forests. Tolerance of climate extremes could depend on past exposure but constrained by phylogenetic conservatism. We report a continental scale analysis of climate extremes and forest fecundity across North America and Europe showing that responses to late freeze and drought are happening now. Species differences are not explained by the traits typically included in ecological studies and they are weakly associated with phylogeny. Late freeze, that is, freezing temperatures that follow the onset of flower development in spring, is shown to be "normal" in North America, but not Europe, potentially explaining failed seed production due to delayed onset and the resultant shorter growing period by North American transplants dating back at least to the 18th century. Drought has thus far had the greatest impacts in dry forested regions, but here too, species differences are not explained by traditional trait values. If responses have been buffered from drought and late freeze by past exposure,...