Severe and widespread coral reef damage during the 2014-2017 Global Coral Bleaching Event

作者：C. Mark Eakin, Scott F. Heron, Sean R. Connolly, Denise Devotta, Gang Liu, Erick Geiger, Jacqueline L. De La Cour, Andrea M. Gomez, William Skirving, Andrew H. Baird, Neal E. Cantin, Courtney S. Couch, Simon D. Donner, James Gilmour, Manuel González‐Rivero, Mishal Gudka, Hugo B. Harrison, Gregor Hodgson, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Andrew S. Hoey, Mia O. Hoogenboom, Terry P. Hughes, Meaghan E. Johnson, James T. Kerry, Tadashi Kimura, Jennifer Mihaly, Aarón Israel Muñiz-Castillo, David Obura, Morgan S. Pratchett, Andrea Rivera-Sosa, Claire L. Ross, Jennifer Stein, Angus Thompson, Gergely Torda, T. Shay Viehman, Cory Walter, Shaun K. Wilson, Benjamin L. Marsh, Blake L. Spady, Noel Dyer, Thomas C. Adam, Pedro M. Alcolado, Mahsa Alidoostsalimi, Parisa Alidoostsalimi, Lorenzo Alvarez-Filip, Mariana Álvarez‐Noriega, Jesús Ernesto Arias‐González, Keisha D. Bahr, Peter Barnes, José Enrique Barraza, Julia K. Baum, Andrew G. Bauman, Maria Beger, Kathryn Berry, Pia Bessell‐Browne, Bigot Lionel, Victor Bonito, Ole Brodnicke, David Burdick, Deron E. Burkepile, April Burt, John A. Burt, Ian R. Butler, Jamie M. Caldwell, Yannick Chancerelle, Chaolun Allen Chen, Kah-Leng Cherh, Michael J. Childress, Darren J. Coker, Bryan Costa, Georgia Coward, M. James C. Crabbe, Thomas Dallison, Steven J. Dalton, Thomas M. DeCarlo, Crawford Drury, Ian Drysdale, Clinton B. Edwards, Linda Eggertsen, Eylem Elma, Rosmin S. Ennis, Richard D. Evans, Gal Eyal, Douglas Fenner, Baruch Figueroa-Zavala, Jay Fisch, Michael D. Fox, Elena Gadoutsis, Antoine Gilbert, Andrew R. Halford, Tom Heintz, James Hewlett, J. Hobbs, Whitney C. Hoot, Peter Houk, Lyza Johnston, Michelle A. Johnston, Hajime Kayanne, Emma Kennedy, Ruy Kenji Papa de Kikuchi, Ulrike Kloiber, Haruko Koike, K. Lindsey Kramer, Chao‐Yang Kuo, Judith C. Lang, Alice Lawrence, Abigail Leadbeater, Zelinda M. A. N. Leão, Jen Nie Lee, Cynthia Lewis, Diego Lirman, Guilherme Ortigara Longo, Chancey MacDonald, Jennie Mallela, Sangeeta Mangubhai, Isabel Marques da Silva, Christophe Mason-Parker, Vanessa McDonough, Melanie McField, Thayná Jeremias Mello, Celine Miternique-Agathe, Mouchtadi Madi, Stephan Moldzio, Alison A. Monroe, Monica Montefalcone, Kevin Shimrone Moses, Pargol Ghavam Mostafavi, Rodrigo Leao De Moura, Chathurika Munasinghe, Jelvas Mwaura, Takashi Nakamura, Jean-Benoît Nicet, Marissa F. Nuttall, Marilia D. M. Oliveira, Hazel A. Oxenford, John M. Pandolfi, Vardhan Patankar, Denise Perez, Nishan Perera, Derta Prabuning, William F. Precht, K. Diraviya Raj, James Davis Reimer, Laura E. Richardson, Randi Rotjan, Nicole M. Ryan, Rod Salm, Stuart A. Sandin, Stephanie Schopmeyer, George Shedrawi, Mohammad Reza Shokri, Jennifer E. Smith, Kylie M. Smith, Struan R. Smith, Tyler B. Smith, Brigitte Sommer, Mélina Soto, Richard Suckoo, Helen Sykes, Kelley Anderson Tagarino, Marianne Teoh, Minh Quang Thái, Tai Chong Toh, Alex Tredinnick, Alex Tso, Harriet Tyley, Ali M. Ussi, Bernardo Vargas-Angel, Christian Vaterlaus, Mark J. A. Vermeij, Si Tuan Vo, Christian R. Voolstra, HIN BOO WEE, Bradley A. Weiler, DE Williams, Saleh A. S. Yahya, Thamasak Yeemin, Maren Ziegler, Derek P. Manzello · 发表于：Nature Communications · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1038/s41467-025-67506-w · 被引用次数：27 · 研究领域：Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies、Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses、Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes

Ocean warming is increasing the frequency, extent, and severity of tropical-coral bleaching and mortality. During 2014-2017, marine heatwaves caused the Third Global Coral Bleaching Event. We analyze data from 15,066 reef surveys globally during 2014-2017. Across all surveyed reefs, 80% and 35% experienced moderate or greater (affecting >10% of corals) bleaching and mortality, respectively. We assess the global extent of coral bleaching and mortality by applying bleaching response curves calibrated from surveyed reefs to predict bleaching globally, based on comprehensive remote-sensing of heat stress. These models predict that 51% and 15% of the world's coral reefs suffered moderate or greater bleaching and mortality, respectively, during one or multiple years, surpassing damage from any prior global coral bleaching event. Our findings demonstrate that the impacts of ocean warming on coral reefs are accelerating, with the near certainty that ongoing warming will cause large-scale, possibly irreversible, degradation of these essential ecosystems. With heat stress levels during this event surpassing those observed previously, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration developed more extreme Bleaching Alert levels that are now being used during the ongoing Fourth Global Coral Bleaching Event.