Prevalence of Illicit Drug Detection in 5 US Cities Among Out-of-Treatment People Who Inject Drugs

作者：Nabila El-Bassel, Steven Shoptaw, Timothy Skalland, Brett Hanscom, W. Clarke, Mark A. Marzinke, Jessica M. Fogel, Paul Richardson, Rahul Paul Choudhury, Cécile Denis, David Goodman-Meza, Irene Kuo, JE Lake, E. Morrison, Amy M. Richards, Jayla Harris-Wisecarver, Melissa Cummings, Redonna Chandler, P. Andrew, HPTN 094 Study Team, Quiana Allen, Rashaunna Redd, David Metzger, Usiel Gutierrez, Manya Magnus, Marc Siegel · 发表于：JAMA Network Open · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.55882 · 被引用次数：3 · 研究领域：HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk、Opioid Use Disorder Treatment、Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis

Importance: In the US, the overdose crisis continues to be driven by fentanyl, xylazine, and stimulant-involved polysubstance use among people who inject drugs, especially those who are not engaged in medical care. Objective: To estimate the overall prevalence of illicit drugs detected among people who inject drugs in 5 US cities by city and sociodemographic characteristics and assess trends in drug detection over a 2-year period. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study included data from individuals enrolled in HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 094, a randomized clinical trial to evaluate an integrated mobile unit engaging adults aged 18 years or older who inject drugs in HIV services between June 2021 and September 2023 in New York City; Houston, Texas; Los Angeles, California; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Washington, DC. All analyses were completed between August 2021 and August 2025. Main Outcomes and Measures: Baseline prevalence of toxicologic detection was assessed using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Differences in toxicologic detection by sociodemographic characteristics (age, race and ethnicity, housing status, and incarceration history), study site, and illicit drug type over time were analyzed using generalized linear models. Results: Across 444 participants, 303 (68.2%) were male, 267 (60.1%) were aged 30 to 49 years, 203 of 440 (46.1%) were unhoused, and 91 of 442 (20.6%) had a recent incarceration history. I...