Machine Learning Models for Disease-Free Survival Analysis after Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multicentric French Collaborative Study

作者：Rami Rhaiem, Ammar Abdo, Julien Caldéraro, Safi Dokmak, Astrid Herrero, Cyprien Toubert, Perrine Zimmermann, Alexandra Heurgué, Camille Boulagnon-Rombi, Giuliana Amaddeo, Alain Luciani, Hélène Regnault, Marie Alaux, Mickael Lesurtel, Paradis, Danièle Sommacale, Olivier Soubrane, Stefano Caruso, Rudy Merieux, Réza Kianmanesh, Raffaele Brustia · 发表于：Liver Cancer · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1159/000550554 · 被引用次数：3 · 研究领域：Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis、Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging、Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer Studies

Introduction: Liver resection (LR) is a potentially curative treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but early recurrence rates remain high reaching as high as 70%. Accurate prediction of disease-free survival (DFS) after LR is crucial to optimize patients’ selection for clinical trials evaluating adjuvant strategies. This study assessed machine learning (ML) models for predicting DFS after LR for HCC. Methods: A total of 663 patients who underwent LR between 2010 and 2020 in 3 French HPB referral centers were analyzed. Three ML models – random survival forest (RSF), gradient boosting survival (GBS), and fast survival support vector machine (FSSVM) – were compared with the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Model performance was assessed using C-index and time-dependent area under the curve (AUC). External validation was performed using an independent cohort from a fourth center. Statistical comparisons between models were conducted using paired t tests. Results: After a median follow up of 52 months, recurrence occurred in 43% of patients and median DFS was 15 months. In the training cohort, RSF achieved the highest discrimination (C-index = 0.721 ± 0.027) and predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.768 ± 0.039) among the four evaluated models. Cox, GBS, and FSSVM showed comparable performance (C-index = 0.684–0.699; AUC = 0.718–0.745). Paired t tests demonstrated that RSF significantly outperformed Cox for both C-index (p = 0.023) and AUC (p = 0.039). In the external vali...