Trends and cross-country inequalities in the global burden of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias among adults aged 65+ years, 1990–2021: a population based study with projections into 2050

作者：Sibo Liu, Guozhi Wu, Xiao Ma, Kai XU, Xiaoyan Lan, Long Wang, H Li, Dean Gu, Mengxing Wang, Jinjie Liu · 发表于：Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.3389/fnagi.2025.1683158 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research、Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes、Elder Abuse and Neglect

Background: Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADOD) pose a significant global health challenge, with projected annual increases. The growing elderly population exacerbates burdens, underscoring the need for interventions. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we analysed global ADOD trends from 1990 to 2021 among adults aged 65+ and projected to 2050. Average annual percentage change (AAPC) in the age-standardised prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates of ADOD were calculated to quantify the temporal trends. Results: Globally, the number of adults aged 65 years or older living with ADOD increased from 18.1 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 14.4-22.5) million in 1990 to 49.1 (38.7-61.3) million in 2021 (AAPC 0.09%). While mortality rates remained relatively stable (AAPC 0%), DALYs increased by 176% (AAPC 0.02%). Females consistently exhibited a higher age-standardised prevalence (7,603 [95% UI 6,023-9,469] cases per 100,000 population) vs. 5,744 [4,486-7,205]) and mortality (304 [78 to 782] vs. 225 [54-626]) rate compared to males, with notable regional variations. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardised prevalence of ADOD increased only in East Asia and High-income Asia Pacific (AAPC 0.79% and 0.16%). High fasting plasma glucose, high body-mass index, and smoking were identified as primary risk factors. Projections indicate a 50.1% increase in age-standardised prevalence by 2050, with an estimated 191 (52-330) mi...