Air quality improvement masks global cooling from CO2 reductions under China’s carbon neutrality policies for half a century

作者：Bin Zhao, Xiaochun Wang, Yuan Wang, Yuan Wang, Yisheng Sun, Da Gao, Qi Ge, Yang Gao, Yuqiang Zhang, Yuqiang Zhang, Drew Shindell, Steven J Davis, Guangxing Lin, Yuhan Wang, Yuhan Wang, Biwu Chu, Zhe Jiang, Hong He, Kebin He, Jiming Hao, Shuxiao Wang · 发表于：Nature Communications · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1038/s41467-026-68586-y · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：Climate Change and Environmental Impact、Environmental Impact and Sustainability、Climate Change Policy and Economics

Achieving carbon neutrality and improving air quality are pivotal sustainability strategies for the Global South countries. However, their global climate impacts over a realistic timescale remain unclear. Here we evaluate the climate impacts of China’s carbon neutrality and Beautiful China policies using a fully coupled Earth system model and updated future anthropogenic emission scenarios. We find that, for an unexpectedly long time through ~2070, China’s air pollutant reductions can cause a large global surface warming (0.12 ± 0.09 K for 2050–2070) that almost offsets the cooling from concurrent CO2 emission reduction (0.16 ± 0.05 K for 2050–2070), compared to a business-as-usual scenario. This warming is mainly attributed to reduced SO2 and organic matter emissions. Moreover, combined air pollutants and CO2 declines create a striking hemispheric temperature change contrast, because of the stronger aerosol-induced heating in the Northern Hemisphere. Considering that most future air pollutant reductions represent synergistic effects of carbon neutrality policies, the associated inevitable warming effect over decades highlights the importance of exploring more aggressive policies including early carbon neutrality, methane reductions, and negative carbon emissions. China’s carbon neutrality and clean-air policies cause global warming from reduced aerosols that nearly offsets cooling from reduced CO2 before 2060, with warming emerging afterwards, calling for early carbon neutra...