Effects of probiotics on lipid metabolism, oxidation, and inflammation in coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

作者：Xinyu Yang, Yunfeng Yu, Xiangning Huang, Juan Huang, Qin Xiang, Rong Yu · 发表于：Frontiers in Nutrition · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.3389/fnut.2025.1681230 · 被引用次数：3 · 研究领域：Probiotics and Fermented Foods、Gut microbiota and health、Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases

Objective: This meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotics on lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: Six databases were systematically searched for relevant studies published before May 1, 2025. Basic study characteristics, outcome data, and risk of bias were extracted. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3, TSA was conducted using TSA 0.9.5.10 beta, and publication bias was assessed using Egger's test. Results: Eight randomized controlled trials involving 296 patients were included. Compared with the placebo, probiotics significantly reduced the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) [mean difference (MD) -11.07 mg/dL, 95% confidence interval (CI) -19.94 to -2.20], malondialdehyde [standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.57, 95% CI -1.01 to -0.13], high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (MD -0.81 ng/mL, 95% CI -1.31 to -0.30), Toll-like receptor 4 (MD -4.13 ng/mL, 95% CI -5.39 to -2.88), and interleukin-6 (MD -3.22 ng/mL, 95% CI -4.01 to -2.44). Meanwhile, they increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (MD 2.79 mg/dL, 95% CI 0.95 to 4.63), glutathione (MD 104.66 μmol/L, 95% CI 53.74 to 155.58), and total antioxidant capacity (MD 69.51 mmol/L, 95% CI 44.64 to 94.38). However, the effects on LDL-C and HDL-C were not robust in sensitivity analyses, and neither outcome reached the minimal clinically important difference, indicating tha...