Circadian syndrome, not metabolic syndrome, is a significant predictor of mild cognitive impairment in middle-aged and older adults — The CHARLS survey during 2015–2018

作者：Mingyuan Fan, Jiushu Yuan, Sai Zhang, Qiyuan Yao, Qihong Fu, Qiangyan Wang, Hongyan Xie, Hong Gao · 发表于：BMC Public Health · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1186/s12889-026-26185-y · 被引用次数：3 · 研究领域：Circadian rhythm and melatonin、Dietary Effects on Health、Adipose Tissue and Metabolism

INTRODUCTION: Circadian syndrome (CircS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are thought to potentially affect cognitive function. We aimed to investigate the association between CircS/MetS and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS: Data was from two waves of the 2015 and 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. MetS defined by a harmonized standard, while CircS add depression and short sleep duration on MetS. Aging-related cognitive decline is used to define MCI. Next, participants without MCI at baseline were followed for 3 years. Multivariable linear regression and multiple logistic regression were used for the assessment. Finally, we further analyzed the association between CircS/MetS components and MCI. RESULTS: In the cross-sectional study (N = 11,719), CircS was associated with lower cognitive scores (β = -0.04, P < 0.001) and higher risk of MCI (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.04, P < 0.05). MetS was not associated with either cognitive scores or MCI (P > 0.05). In the longitudinal study (N = 8818), CircS increased the risk of MCI by 1.02-fold (95% CI:1.01–1.04, P < 0.05), and MetS still did not show an association with MCI (P > 0.05). In individual component analysis, short sleep (2015 ~ OR = 1.04, 95%CI: 1.02–1.05, P < 0.001) and depression (2015 ~ OR = 1.04, 95%CI: 1.03–1.06, P < 0.001; 2018 ~ OR = 1.03, 95%CI:1.01–1.05, P < 0.01) were associated with a higher risk of MCI. CONCLUSION: CircS is a risk factor for MCI in middle-aged and older adults, serving as a s...