The Application and Challenges of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Inhalation Lung Injury

作者：Dandan Ling, Ruidong Wang, Jiayi Liu, Jingwen Zhai, Jiani Chen, Yaqiong Li, Hong Liu, Zongguang Tai, Hua Wei · 发表于：International Journal of Nanomedicine · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.2147/ijn.s564787 · 研究领域：Extracellular vesicles in disease、Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery、Neonatal Respiratory Health Research

Inhalation-induced lung injury, caused by harmful factors like chemical fumes and dust, leads to acute and chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Traditional treatments, such as mechanical ventilation and anti-inflammatory drugs, can relieve symptoms but fail to promote tissue regeneration. Stem cells and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer new treatment possibilities due to their anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties. However, the specific pathological environment of these lung injuries limits the effectiveness and targeting of EVs, challenging their clinical use. This review outlines stem cell EVs' mechanisms in treating inhalation-induced lung injury, examines recent engineering advancements, and addresses challenges in moving from research to clinical application. It highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in carrier design, production, and regulation, offering a theoretical foundation for developing precision EV-based treatments.