Recent Progress in the Moderation Strategies of Bi‐precatalyst Reconstruction for Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction to Formate

作者：Jiazhou Li, Dian Li, S. H. Liu, Jianwei Su, Liang Chen · 发表于：Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1002/adsc.70271 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts、Ammonia Synthesis and Nitrogen Reduction、Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion

Bismuth (Bi)‐based materials have emerged as highly promising catalysts for electrochemical CO 2 reduction (CO 2 RR) toward formate production, owing to their high intrinsic catalytic activity and low cost. However, a critical challenge for practical application is the dynamic electrochemical reconstruction of Bi‐based catalysts during CO 2 RR electrocatalysis, an inherently uncontrollable and indeterminate process that often leads to severe structural degradation of catalysts and a subsequent decay in long‐term stability and selectivity. Herein, this review focuses on the development of stabilization strategies to moderate the dynamic reconstruction of Bi‐based catalysts. In detail, this review systematically analyzes and summarizes three distinct principal strategies: (1) passive suppression strategy, which preserves high‐valent Bi δ+ species by suppressing reconstruction; (2) proactive direction strategy, which directs a controllable “self‐optimization” reconstruction toward desired active species; and (3) circumvention strategy, which circumvents the complex reconstruction process through direct synthesis and modification of metallic Bi catalysts. This review aims to construct a rigorous theoretical framework for the rational design and controllable synthesis of advanced Bi‐based catalysts, thereby outlining some potential directions for the future industrial applications.