A review of thermal runaway gases and detection methods for lithium-ion batteries

作者：Zhenxiang Tao, Haozhi Zhou, Yuyao Cao, Xubo Huang, Wei Wang, Hui Zhang · 发表于：Thermal Science and Engineering Progress · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104427 · 被引用次数：5 · 研究领域：Advanced Battery Technologies Research、Advancements in Battery Materials、Real-Time Systems Scheduling

Lithium-ion batteries are increasingly becoming a key role as the energy consumption structure transforms towards low-carbon and diversified due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and economy. This work focuses on the gas production characteristics of lithium-ion batteries during thermal runaway, aiming to reveal its internal mechanism and external manifestations through a review study. First, this work systematically analyzes the generation mechanism of the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries. It compares the various commonly used gas detection equipment in thermal runaway gas monitoring of lithium-ion batteries. At the same time, this work summarizes the differences in gas types, concentrations, gas production, and gas production sequence generated by lithium-ion batteries under different electrode materials, sizes, capacities, and other conditions during thermal runaway. Finally, the application effect of gas detection sensors in thermal runaway detection of lithium-ion batteries is compared and analyzed, pointing out that the new detection technologies such as implantable gas sensors, MOS composite materials, and optical fiber sensors, as well as the combination of data-driven battery thermal capacity and health status monitoring, will be an essential topic in the field of thermal runaway detection of lithium-ion batteries in the future.