Prethermalization by random multipolar driving on a 78-qubit processor

作者：Zheng-He Liu, Yu Liu, Gui-Han Liang, Cheng-Lin Deng, Keyang Chen, Yun‐Hao Shi, Tian-Ming Li, L. M. Zhang, B. Chen, Cai-Ping Fang, Da’er Feng, Xu-Yang Gu, Yang He, Kaixuan Huang, Hao Li, Hao-Tian Liu, Li Li, Zheng-Yang Mei, Zhenyu Peng, Jiacheng Song, Ming-Chuan Wang, Shuai-Li Wang, Ziting Wang, Yong-Xi Xiao, Min Xu, Yue-Shan Xu, Yu Yan, Yi-Han Yu, Weiping Yuan, Jiachi Zhang, Junjie Zhao, Kui Zhao, Si-Yun Zhou, Zheng‐An Wang, Xiaohui Song, Ye Tian, Florian Mintert, Johannes Knolle, Roderich Moessner, Yu-Ran Zhang, Pan Zhang, Zhongcheng Xiang, Dongning Zheng, Kai Xu, Hongzheng Zhao, Heng Fan · 发表于：Nature · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1038/s41586-025-09977-x · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Quantum many-body systems、Quantum Information and Cryptography、Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture

Time-dependent drives hold promise for realizing non-equilibrium many-body phenomena that are absent in undriven systems1–3. Yet, drive-induced heating normally destabilizes the systems4,5, which can be parametrically suppressed in the high-frequency regime by using periodic (Floquet) drives6,7. It remains largely unknown to what extent highly controllable quantum simulators can suppress heating in non-periodically driven systems. Here, using the 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor, Chuang-tzu 2.0, we report the experimental observation of long-lived prethermal phases in many-body systems with tunable heating rates, driven by structured random protocols, characterized by n-multipolar temporal correlations. By measuring both the particle imbalance and subsystem entanglement entropy, we monitor the entire heating process over 1,000 driving cycles and observe the existence of the prethermal plateau. The prethermal lifetime is ‘doubly tunable’: one way by driving frequency, the other way by multipolar order; it grows algebraically with the frequency with the universal scaling exponent 2n + 1. Using quantum-state tomography on different subsystems, we demonstrate a non-uniform spatial entanglement distribution and observe a crossover from area-law to volume-law entanglement scaling. With 78 qubits and 137 couplers in a two-dimensional configuration, the entire far-from-equilibrium heating dynamics are beyond the reach of simulation using tensor-network numerical techniques....