Home-Based Gamma Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation in Patients With Alzheimer Disease

作者：Valentina Cantoni, Elias Paolo Casula, Barbara Tarantino, Chiara Cupidi, Nadine Huber, Daniele Altomare, Enrico Premi, Elisa Zummo, Romina Esposito, Carla Leonardi, Sanna‐Kaisa Herukka, Eino Solje, Asia Ferrari, Maria Sofia Cotelli, Roberto Gasparotti, Alessandro Martorana, Claudia Fracassi, Emiliano Santarnecchi, Giacomo Koch, Annakaisa Haapasalo, Mario Grassi, Alberto Benussi, Barbara Borroni · 发表于：JAMA Network Open · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.46556 · 被引用次数：15 · 研究领域：Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies、Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research、Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations

Importance: Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by dysregulated gamma brain oscillations. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a novel, noninvasive brain stimulation technique capable of entraining cerebral oscillations at targeted frequencies. Objective: To assess the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of home-based gamma tACS applied over the precuneus in patients with prodromal and mild AD. Design, Setting, and Participants: This double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial with an open-label extension phase was conducted at a tertiary AD research clinic in Italy from December 10, 2022, to October 15, 2024. Patients with a diagnosis of AD were eligible to participate. Intervention: Participants were randomized to receive either home-based gamma tACS (5 sessions/wk, 60 minutes each) or sham stimulation for 8 weeks (double-blind phase). All participants subsequently received gamma tACS for an additional 8 weeks (open-label phase) and an 8-week follow-up. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end points were safety, feasibility, and clinical efficacy. Secondary end points included measures of biological efficacy, including gamma band power via electroencephalography, cholinergic neurotransmission, AD plasma biomarker levels, and brain connectivity as assessed via magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Sixty consecutive patients with prodromal or mild AD were screened; 50 were randomized to gamma or sham tACS (mean [SD] age, 67.3 [7.8] years; 2...