Valorization of banana peel waste into Zr-MOF@AC composite for sustainable methyl orange removal from water with kinetic, isothermal and thermodynamic insights

作者：Faisal Khan, Khalil Ahmad, Waseem Razzaq Khan, Muhammad Abdullah, Manish K. Rawal, Aqeel Ahmed Shah, Ali Dad Chandio, Muhammad Kashif, Saqib Kamal, Mika Sillanpää, Saleh Alfarraj · 发表于：Desalination and Water Treatment · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.dwt.2025.101597 · 被引用次数：9 · 研究领域：Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications、Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal、Covalent Organic Framework Applications

Zr-based metal-organic framework (Zr-MOF) and its composite (Zr-MOF@AC) with activated-carbon (AC) were formed via solvothermal techniques at room temperature using safe solvent water. Activated-carbon prepared from agricultural waste (banana-peels) to utilize this unwanted waste to remove toxic pollutant from water. Both Zr-MOF and its composite were successfully characterized using advance spectroscopic techniques. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer analysis confirms the successful formation of both adsorbents due to the functional-groups (Zr-O) peaks at 743 cm −1 and X-ray Diffraction confirms the degree of crystallinity and phase composition. The external structure, dimension of particles, and chemical breakdown of the produced materials were displayed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray and thermal stability were checked using thermogravimetric analysis. The composite gives maximum performance at pH= 6 with amount of 0.01 g MOF and composite, achieving maximum adsorption capacity up-to 280.08 and 243.9 mg.g −1 respectively, within 45 min. The best fitted kinetics is pseudo second-order model for Zr-MOF and composite. The Langmuir model is best fitted for the adsorption of the MO on the composite, according to isothermal study. Thermodynamic study shows that reaction is spontaneous and exothermic. This study demonstrates the promise of an inexpensive, environmentally acceptable nanocomposite for the elimination of colours f...