Development characteristic of permanent gully morphology at the small watershed scale and its relations with driving factors along the Mollisols Belt of Northeast China

作者：Xiaohui Lian, Ningning Xiao, Mingming Guo, Xingyi Zhang, Xin Liu, Jinzhong Xu, Shengmin Zhang, Xing Han · 发表于：Soil and Tillage Research · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.still.2025.106999 · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：Soil erosion and sediment transport、Flood Risk Assessment and Management、Biocrusts and Microbial Ecology

Gully erosion poses a significant threat to land, ecology environment and food security. However, current studies have predominantly focused on identifying the gully development and driving factors by selecting typical watersheds from broad regions, overlooking the spatial heterogeneity of gully erosion and the roles of driving factors. Therefore, to address this issue, this study aimed to investigate gully erosion and its driving factors by selecting representative small watersheds (0.48–2.93 km 2 ) along the Mollisols Belt of Northeast China. Gully morphology, topography, soil, climate and human activity (population and land use) data were obtained by unmanned aerial vehicle, field survey and spatial analysis. The results showed that gully linear density (GLD), gully areal density (GAD) and gully number density (ND) all exhibited a trend of initial sharp decrease followed by stabilization from south to north along the Mollisols Belt. The average gully length (L), width (W), depth (D), area (A) and volume (V) in the Mollisols Belt are 130.76 m, 6.42 m, 2.27 m, 1247.19 m 2 , 7158.12 m 3 , respectively. The gully L, W, D, A, and V are centrally distributed in the range of 0–300 m, 0.5–2.5 m, 1–5 m, 0–500 m 2 , 0–5000 m 3 , accounting for 68.5 %, 75.8 %, 68.3 %, 78.5 %, 83.3 %, respectively. The frequency distribution of five parameters showed great changes along Mollisols Belt. The gully volume can be estimated by V-L power function (V=a·L b , a=14.63–98.81, b=0.86–1.34). Gull...