Battery-Free Monitoring of Micron-Level Vibrations With Sub-Hertz Frequency Accuracy: Toward Robust and Accurate Industrial Sensing

作者：Yuanhao Feng, Donghui Dai, Jinyang Huang, Panlong Yang, Xiang‐Yang Li, Feiyu Han, Lei Yang · 发表于：IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1109/tmc.2025.3640243 · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials、Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies、Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks

Accurately monitoring micron-level vibrations with sub-hertz frequency estimation error is critical for early fault detection in industrial equipment. Existing solutions either rely on powered sensors or suffer from limited accuracy in passive operation, restricting scalability and long-term deployment. We presentVibro-Stethos, a fully battery-free sensing system that accurately captures micron-level vibrations with sub-hertz frequency estimation error. It employs a dual-junction fieldeffect transistor (JFET) analog frontend to convert vibration into impedance modulation and encodes this onto passive RFID backscatter. An embedded RFID chip enables selective tag activation and provides path-invariant reference amplitude normalization. A Graph Attention Network (GAT)-based model adaptively fuses features from spatially distributed tags, enabling robust fault classification under tag sparsity and placement variation. Extensive evaluation demonstrates that Vibro-Stethos achieves amplitude measurement errors within 2$\mu$m, frequency estimation errors below 0.1 Hz, and vibration fault classification accuracy of 93.7%. Real-world deployments on transformers further confirm its diagnostic capability. Vibro-Stethos offers a practical, robust, and accurate battery-free solution for pervasive industrial vibration monitoring.