GaIn ‐Induced Polarization Control in PVDF for High‐Efficiency Energy Harvesting and Instantaneous Wireless Sensing

作者：Jiaqi Lu, Kaihang Zhang, Dinku Hazarika, Liangquan Xu, Jiatong Yao, Lifeng Xuan, Jun Ni, Jianhui Wu, Jie Li, Rui Wan, Xinyu Cai, Chuanrui Chen, Yongjun Wu, Jikui Luo · 发表于：Energy & environment materials · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1002/eem2.70201 · 被引用次数：5 · 研究领域：Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials、Dielectric materials and actuators、Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies

Achieving high‐performance polymer‐based piezoelectric–triboelectric nanogenerators (PTNGs) remains challenging due to the limited electroactive phase content and inefficient dipole alignment in polymer matrices. Although many doped nanoparticles can enhance PTNG performance, the fundamental mechanisms behind these improvements are often unclear. In this work, guided by molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) simulations, we present a doping strategy using eutectic gallium–indium (GaIn) alloy to construct β‐PVDF‐GaIn composites with markedly improved piezoelectric and triboelectric properties. The simulations reveal that Ga and In atoms preferentially coordinate with fluorine atoms in PVDF, stabilizing all‐trans chain conformations and promoting dipole ordering under an external electric field. Simultaneously, GaIn and its surface oxide layers (Ga 2 O 3 /In 2 O 3 ) function as electron‐trapping centers in the PVDF during triboelectric contact, capturing transferred electrons and enhancing interfacial charge accumulation, which facilitates improved charge retention and enhances the electric output of the device. The resulting β‐PVDF‐GaIn composites exhibit significantly enhanced β‐phase content of 91% and improved piezoelectric and triboelectric outputs. Under optimal conditions, β‐PVDF‐GaIn/PA6 PTNG achieves a peak‐to‐peak voltage output of 1831 V, a current density of 214.3 mA m −2 , a charge density of 254.4 μC m −2 , and a maximum power density of 83.8 ...