Long-Term Ambient Air Pollution Exposure and the Risk of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases in Rural Chinese Populations: 10-Year Follow-Up of a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study

作者：Yaqi Zhao, Xuefang Cao, Jiang Du, Aiwei He, Jun Liang, Weitao Duan, Yuanzhi Di, Yijun He, Boxuan Feng, Linyu Shen, Juanjuan Huang, Zihan Li, Jianguo Liang, Hongzhi Li, Zisen Liu, Fang Liu, Shumin Yang, Zuhui Xu, Bin Zhang, Jiaoxia Yan, Yanchun Liang, Rong Liu, Fei Shen, Qi Jin, Henan Xin, Lei Gao · 发表于：JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.2196/81218 · 被引用次数：3 · 研究领域：Air Quality and Health Impacts、Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging、COVID-19 impact on air quality

Background: Long-term follow-up studies investigating the relationship between ambient air pollution and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) in rural Chinese populations remain limited. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of prolonged exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) on CVD in rural areas of China. Methods: On the basis of a multicenter population-based prospective study, adult rural residents (aged ≥15 y) from 3 study sites (ie, Xiangtan, Hunan Province; Longxi, Gansu Province; and Zhongmu, Henan Province) with different PM2.5 exposure levels were tracked for the incidence of CVD events between 2013 and 2023. The relationship was assessed by applying the Cox proportional hazards model and a trend test. Results: A total of 15,502 participants were included in the study. During the 10-year follow-up period, for every 1 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, the risks of CVD, ischemic stroke, coronary heart disease, acute coronary syndrome, and intracerebral hemorrhage increased by 5% (hazard ratio [HR] 1.05, 95% CI 1.04-1.06), 7% (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.06-1.08), 8% (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.07-1.09), 9% (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.06-1.11), and 10% (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.07-1.14), respectively. Furthermore, the risk in the high exposure group (Q4) was found to be significantly higher than that in the low exposure group (Q1; P for trend <.001). The subgroup analysis indicated that the risk of CVD was higher among older people compared to indivi...