Atmospheric composition and circulation of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b with joint NIRPS, HARPS and CRIRES+ transit spectroscopy

作者：Valentina Vaulato, Mélissa J. Hobson, Romain Allart, Stefan Pelletier, Joost P. Wardenier, H. Chakraborty, D. Ehrenreich, N. Nari, M. Steiner, X. Dumusque, H. J. Hoeijmakers, Étienne Artigau, Frédérique Baron, S. C. C. Barros, Björn Benneke, X. Bonfıls, F. Bouchy, Marta L. Bryan, B. L. Canto Martins, Ryan Cloutier, Neil J. Cook, Nicolas B. Cowan, J. R. De Medeiros, X. Delfosse, E. Delgado Mena, René Doyon, J. I. Gónzalez Hernández, David Lafreniére, I. C. Leão, C. Lovis, Lison Malo, C. Melo, L. Mignon, C. Mordasini, F. Pepe, R. Rébolo, Jason F. Rowe, N. C. Santos, D. Ségransan, A. Suárez Mascareño, S. Udry, Diana Valencia, G. A. Wade, J. G. De S. Aguiar, Khaled Al Moulla, B. Akinsanmi, Nicholas W. Borsato, Charles Cadieux, Yann Carteret, Ana Rita Costa Silva, E. Cristo, T. Forveille, Yolanda G. C. Frensch, Nicole Gromek, M. Lendl, Bibiana Prinoth, Angelica Psaridi, Atanas K. Stefanov, B. Thorsbro, Drew Weisserman · 发表于：Astronomy and Astrophysics · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1051/0004-6361/202556257 · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies、Astro and Planetary Science、Astronomy and Astrophysical Research

Ultra-hot gas giants such as WASP-121b provide unique laboratories for exploring atmospheric chemistry and dynamics under extreme irradiation conditions. Uncovering their chemical composition and atmospheric circulation is critical for tracing planet formation pathways. Here, we present a comprehensive atmospheric characterisation of WASP-121b using high-resolution transit spectroscopy across the optical to infrared with HARPS, NIRPS, and CRIRES+ spanning nine transit events. These observations are complemented with five TESS photometric sectors, two EulerCam light curves simultaneous to the HARPS and NIRPS transits, and an extensive radial velocity dataset in order to refine WASP-121b's orbital parameters. A cross-correlation analysis detected iron (Fe), carbon monoxide (CO) and vanadium (V) absorption signals with SNR of 5.8, 5.0, and 4.7, respectively. Our retrieval analysis constrains the water (H 2 O) abundance to −6.52 −0.68 +0.49 dex, although its absorption signal is effectively muted by the hydride (H − ) continuum. We constrained the relative abundances of the volatile and refractory elements - which represents a crucial diagnostic of atmospheric chemistry, evolution, and planet formation pathways. The retrieved abundance ratios are broadly consistent with expected values of a solar composition atmosphere in chemical equilibrium, likely indicating minimal disequilibrium chemistry alterations at the probed pressures (∼10 −4 −10 −3 bar). We update the orbital paramete...