Piezoelectric scaffold for tissue engineering: material, structure, fabrication and function

作者：Jiye Jia, Junwei Shen, Feng Yang, Jing Zhang, Cijun Shuai, Pei Feng · 发表于：International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1088/2631-7990/ae23a1 · 被引用次数：12 · 研究领域：Bone Tissue Engineering Materials、3D Printing in Biomedical Research、Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications

Abstract The scaffold for tissue engineering not only requires good biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and appropriate structure, but also should actively participate in biophysical and biochemical processes to accelerate tissue repair. A piezoelectric scaffold can generate electrical activity when deformed, which constructs an electrochemical microenvironment for inducing cell signaling pathways and facilitating tissue regeneration, attracting extensive attention in tissue engineering. Herein, piezoelectric materials used in tissue engineering, including piezoelectric ceramics, synthetic piezoelectric polymers, and natural biological piezoelectric materials are systematically summarized, and their advantages and limitations are analyzed. As for the piezoelectric scaffold, the piezoelectric properties mainly stem from the asymmetric crystal structure of materials and the directional arrangement of internal dipoles, which is highly dependent on the fabrication and post-treatment strategies. Therefore, the fabrication techniques of piezoelectric scaffold are detailly introduced, covering both traditional fabrication techniques and additive manufacturing techniques. Besides, rational structural design of the piezoelectric scaffold can alter strain transmission pathways and charge distribution, or add new operational modes to regulate piezoelectric properties. Thereby, the piezoelectric metamaterials, micro/nanostructures, porous structures, heterogeneous structures, and bi...