Early-Life Ozone Exposure and Childhood Allergic Rhinitis: Critical Exposure Windows, Exposure-Response Relationships, and Protective Modifiers

作者：Tianyi Chen, Zhiping Niu, Dan Norbäck, Tippawan Prapamontol, Magnus Svartengren, Erjia Ge, Xin Zhang, Chan Lu, Ling Zhang, Wei Yu, Xiaohong Zheng, Tingting Wang, Xia Meng, Jing Wei, Zafar Fatmi, Zhiwei Liu, Yanyi Xu, Zhuohui Zhao · 发表于：Environment & Health · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1021/envhealth.5c00319 · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：Air Quality and Health Impacts、Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization、Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure

High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Childhood allergic rhinitis (AR) is associated with ozone (O 3 ) exposure, yet the sensitive exposure window (SEW) remains unclear. This multicenter survey of 38,176 children aged 3–6 years across 7 Chinese cities (2019–2020) estimated satellite-based individual maximum daily 8 h average O 3 exposure. The SEW and its exposure–response ( E – R ) relationship were assessed. Doctor-diagnosed AR prevalence was 11.9%. Average O 3 exposure from prenatal to AR onset ranged from 67.5 to 76.7 μg/m 3 . The critical SEW was identified as infancy, specifically 30–38 weeks postnatal (7.5–9.5 months). Per interquartile range (IQR) (10.1 μg/m 3 ) increase in O 3, the adjusted odds ratio was 1.29 (95% CI: 1.22–1.36), independent of PM 2 . 5 . The E – R relationship was nonlinear, J-shaped, and threshold-free. The SEW effect was stronger in southern cities and mitigated by ≥6 months of exclusive breastfeeding. In conclusion, O 3 significantly increases AR risk, with 7.5–9.5 months postnatal being a critical SEW, especially in exclusive breastfeeding <6 months and southern regions.