Pinching-Antenna Systems (PASS): A Tutorial

作者：Yuanwei Liu, Hao Jiang, Xiaoxia Xu, Zhaolin Wang, Jia Guo, Chongjun Ouyang, Xidong Mu, Zhiguo Ding, Arumugam Nallanathan, George K. Karagiannidis, Robert Schober · 发表于：IEEE Transactions on Communications · 年份：2026 · DOI：10.1109/tcomm.2026.3658289 · 被引用次数：13 · 研究领域：Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization、Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling、Antenna Design and Optimization

Pinching-antenna systems (PASS) present a break-through among the flexible-antenna technologies, and distinguish themselves by facilitating large-scale antenna reconfiguration, line-of-sight creation, scalable implementation, and near-field benefits, thus bringing wireless communications from the “last mile” to the “last meter”. To illustrate the benefits of PASS in next-generation wireless networks, a comprehensive tutorial is presented in this paper. First, the fundamentals of PASS are discussed, including PASS signal models, hardware models, power radiation models, and pinching antenna (PA) activation methods. Building upon this, the information-theoretic capacity limits achieved by PASS are characterized, and several typical performance metrics of PASS-based communications are analyzed to demonstrate its superiority over conventional antenna technologies. Next, the pinching beamforming design is investigated. The corresponding power scaling law is first characterized for the single-waveguide single-user case. For the joint transmit and pinching design in the general multiple-waveguide case, 1) a pair of transmission strategies is proposed for PASS-based single-user communications to validate the superiority of PASS, namely sub-connected and fully connected structures in terms of the connections between the baseband radio frequency chains and waveguides; and 2) three practical protocols are proposed for facilitating PASS-based multi-user communications, namely waveguide sw...