Micro/Nanofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture: A Review

作者：Yaya Wang, Jingxu Yang, Xue Li, Yuying Liu, Fuduo He, Xiaohou Zhou, Dehua Xu, Zhengjuan Yan, Benhe Zhong, Xin-Long Wang · 发表于：ACS Applied Nano Materials · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1021/acsanm.5c02175 · 被引用次数：13 · 研究领域：Polymer-Based Agricultural Enhancements、Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques、Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics

Poorly effective traditional fertilizers and resulting environmental pressure have led to the development of micro/nanosized nutrients. Although a growing number of laboratory studies confirm that micro/nanofertilizers (MNFs) can promote plant growth and improve nutrition, they are not yet commercially produced in force. One major barrier is the higher raw material and processing costs compared to those of conventional industrial fertilizers. Additionally, uncertainties regarding their nutrient delivery mechanisms and potential phytotoxicity have triggered public hesitation. This review aims to present the efforts of MNFs in clarifying enhanced-efficiency mechanisms, managing ecological risks, and reducing economic inputs over the past 30 years. A literature analysis reveals that MNFs function through three primary pathways: (1) direct absorption by plants in the form of micro/nanoparticles, (2) controlled release of ionic nutrients via micro/nanostructures in vitro, and (3) solid-state diffusion into the rhizosphere, where they either stimulate beneficial microbial activity or dissociate into bioavailable forms. These mechanisms can enhance the utilization efficiency of corresponding nutrients, where the first in vivo strategy offers a rapid solution but carries a higher risk of nanotoxicity. Therefore, it is increasingly important to evaluate the formulation, dosage, and surface properties of MNFs. To enable green and cost-effective synthesis, a physical top-down fabricatio...