Mild Photothermal Therapy Combined with Capsaicin for Tumor Immunotherapy and Analgesia by Inhibiting TRPV1 Channels

作者：Xin Wang, Jian Sun, Pei Wang, Ranran Wang, Zhigang Ji, Ruoxuan Wang, Minghan Qu, Yu Wei, Zhaokun Hao, Wei Xia, Wanru Sun · 发表于：ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1021/acsami.5c14983 · 被引用次数：6 · 研究领域：Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics、Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response、Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising strategy for breast cancer treatment but is limited by hyperthermia-induced pain. Mild photothermal therapy (mPTT, 42–45 °C) offers a safer alternative, reducing adverse effects whereas enhancing therapeutic synergy. A complementary pain-relief strategy is the ablation of TRPV1-positive sensory nerve endings. Capsaicin (CAP) has both analgesic and immunotherapy-enhancing properties; however, its poor water solubility restricts clinical application. Manganese oxide (MnO 2 ) nanoflowers, with their large surface area, strong NIR-II photothermal performance, and capacity to remodel the tumor microenvironment (TME), provide a potential solution. In this study, CAP was loaded into MnO 2 –SiO 2 composite nanoparticles (MSC NPs) to achieve immune-enhanced mPTT for concurrent tumor therapy and pain suppression. mPTT induced tumor cell damage through NIR-II photothermal effects, whereas CAP and MnO 2 enhance immunotherapy. CAP ablated TRPV1-expressing sensory nerve endings, establishing a dual-function platform that integrates tumor treatment with pain relief. This strategy represents a promising avenue for breast cancer management.