Gut microbiota-based biomarkers for precision subtype classification and mechanistic understanding of biliary and hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis

作者：Xinyu Deng, Xue‐Qian Wu, Ruobing Wang, Xiaohui Qiao, Ting Cao, Xu Yao, Qun Jin, Lingling Jia, Wei Liang · 发表于：Frontiers in Microbiology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3389/fmicb.2025.1695811 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment、Gut microbiota and health、Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research

Background Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disorder with distinct etiological subtypes, yet the role of gut microbiota in disease pathogenesis remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that biliary acute pancreatitis (BAP) and hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (HLAP) exhibit etiology-specific gut microbiota signatures that correlate with disease severity and metabolic dysfunction. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in which stool samples were collected from 20 BAP patients, 20 HLAP patients, and 20 healthy controls (HC) for 16S rRNA gene sequencing to compare gut microbiota profiles among the three groups. Microbial diversity, taxonomy, and functional genes were analyzed using bioinformatics pipelines. Clinical-microbial correlations were assessed, and the construction of RF and logistic regression models evaluated diagnostic biomarker potential. Results Both AP groups showed significantly reduced microbial diversity compared to controls, with HLAP patients exhibiting more severe dysbiosis. HLAP patients showed enrichment of pro-inflammatory taxa, including Escherichia-Shigella and Collinsella , alongside depletion of beneficial genera Faecalibacterium and Bifidobacterium . As a key SCFA-producing genus, Faecalibacterium exhibited comprehensive correlations with inflammatory markers, pancreatic enzymes, and lipid profiles in Spearman correlation analysis. Functional analysis revealed compromised short-chain fatty acid biosynthesis capacity, as evidenced ...