Harnessing polyploidy and nitric oxide for improved arsenic tolerance in Oryza sativa

作者：Muhammad Qasim Shahid, Lixia Sun, Muhammad Hashim, Fasih Ullah Haider, Samreen Sarwar, Minghui Zhong, Huijing Yang, Shafaqat Ali, Xiangdong Liu, Fozia Ghouri · 发表于：BMC Plant Biology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1186/s12870-025-07642-z · 被引用次数：6 · 研究领域：Arsenic contamination and mitigation、Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism、Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance

Arsenic (As) stress severely impairs plant growth and physiology, resulting in diminished crop quality and yield. Nitric oxide (NO) has been found to alleviate heavy metal toxicity effectively. This study aims to examine how NO donor sodium nitroprusside (50 µM) in conjunction with different arsenic levels (10 µM and 25 µM) affect the growth of diploid and autotetraploid rice. When exposed to As (25 µM), diploid rice showed reductions in root length (29.71%), shoot length (33.40%), fresh root weight (83.62%), and fresh shoot weight (79.06%), whereas tetraploid rice showed reductions by 18.58%, 18.46%, 60.00%, and 54.19% of the control, respectively. Notably, tetraploid rice absorbed less As than diploid rice. NO application mitigated As toxicity, particularly at As (10 µM), while showing weaker effects at As (25 µM). Chlorophyll contents, i.e., a, b, and carotenoids, decreased significantly under As stress, whereas NO application elevated chlorophyll levels. Due to toxicity, the levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT) were lower in diploids than in tetraploid, while H 2 O 2 and MDA levels increased, with tetraploid increasing by 0.77-fold and 0.96-fold, and diploid by 1.71-fold and 1.36-fold, respectively. The NO effect was more pronounced in tetraploid rice, particularly in non-enzymatic (GSH), and oxidative stress indicators (H 2 O 2 and MDA). Gene expression analysis confirmed differences between rice types, including OsSOD , OsPOD , OsCAT , and GSH ( OsGSTU5 ) g...