Shape-Memory Conductive Hydrogels Featuring Permanent and Temporary Dual-State Programmability

作者：Ping Guo, Jie Zhou, Chengnan Qian, Wenjie Cao, Yu Yang, Lin Cheng, Daoyou Guo, Huaping Wu, Aiping Liu · 发表于：ACS Applied Polymer Materials · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1021/acsapm.5c03453 · 被引用次数：5 · 研究领域：Advanced Materials and Mechanics、Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials、Dielectric materials and actuators

Conductive hydrogels, which possess electrical sensing signaling and deformable capabilities, are considered to be one of the most promising soft materials for the fabrication of artificial intelligence devices such as soft actuators and smart robots. Shape memory conductive hydrogels (SMCHs), characterized by high sensitivity to various external stimuli including pH, heat, light, chemicals, electricity, and magnetism, have emerged as rapidly advancing smart materials in recent years due to their unique capability to transition between a permanent state (steady state) and a temporary state (transient state). However, most commercially available SMCHs can only achieve programmable behavior for a temporary state, which significantly restricts their potential applications in areas such as biomedical devices, soft robotics, and adaptive structures. In this study, we propose a photothermal-responsive, dual-state programmable composite material called a PVA/MXene hydrogel where the programming behavior of both permanent and temporary states is controlled by distinct supramolecular interactions between PVA and MXene. Leveraging the electrical conductivity of MXene, we can monitor the transformation process of the hydrogel and determine its final state (permanent or temporary) via changes in the electrical signal. Additionally, we have developed a multiphysics field simulation model using finite element analysis to demonstrate the spatiotemporal controllability of PVA/MXene hydrogel ...