Metabolic and functional analyses reveal the stress tolerance network in Saccharomyces boulardii during gastrointestinal challenge

作者：Dingkang Wang, Lerong Liu, Yu Jiang, Tingting Liang, Sha Liu, Jing‐Kai Huang, Wangting Zhou, Bin Ma, Yang Bu, Ying Li, Yining Gong, Yi Liu, Yongjie Zhang · 发表于：LWT · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.lwt.2025.118754 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction、Fungal and yeast genetics research、Gut microbiota and health

ABSTRACT Gastrointestinal stress tolerance is of vital importance for the in vivo survival of probiotics and the exertion of their beneficial effects. The probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii exhibits remarkable tolerance to gastrointestinal stress, yet the underlying metabolic adaptations remain unclear. In this experiment, we employed LC-MS-based metabolomics to profile S. boulardii 's response to simulated gastric fluid, intestinal fluid, and sequential SGF-SIF stress. Our analysis revealed that organic acids, lipids, and organoheterocyclic compounds dominated the metabolic profile, with carboxylic acids and amino acids being the most abundant subclasses. Intestinal fluid induced the most pronounced changes, altering the contents of 2,029 metabolites (1,008 up-regulated, 1,021 down-regulated). KEGG enrichment highlighted upregulated purine/pyrimidine metabolism and amino sugar/nucleotide sugar pathways, critical for energy homeostasis and cell wall maintenance, alongside downregulated tyrosine and taurine metabolism. Correlation analysis identified Parisvanioside A and glyceryl phosphatide as key stress-induced metabolites, while valorphin and D-glucosamine were significantly depleted. These findings elucidate S. boulardii 's metabolic plasticity during gastrointestinal transit, providing a foundation for optimizing its probiotic efficacy through targeted metabolite preservation strategies.