Kilometer-Scale AI-Powered and Performance-Portable Earth System Model (AP3ESM) to Achieve Year-Scale Simulation Speed on Heterogeneous Supercomputers

作者：Kai Xu, Maoxue Yu, Yuhu Chen, Jie Gao, Shuang Wang, Jiaying Song, Xiaohui Duan, Junlin Wei, Jiangfeng Yu, Hailong Liu, Jinrong Jiang, Yi Zhang, Pengfei Lin, Tianyi Wang, Pengfei Wang, Weipeng Zheng, Jingwei Xie, J. Z. Zhang, Zilu Liu, Xiaoyu Jin, Jilin Wei, Qixin Chang, Qingxia Lin, Yanzhi Zhou, Weiguo Liu, Wei Xue, Yiwen Li, Haohuan Fu, Yue Yu, Xuebin Chi, Lixin Wu · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1145/3712285.3771788 · 被引用次数：3 · 研究领域：Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations、Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research、Climate variability and models

Kilometer-scale Earth system models (ESMs) necessitate exascale supercomputers to facilitate realistic simulations of weather phenomena and climate variability over a time span ranging from days to decades. We present AP3ESM, an ultra‑high‑resolution, AI‑Powered, Performance‑Portable ESM coupling atmosphere, land surface, ocean, and sea ice components. By leveraging the performance portability features of Kokkos and OpenMP, the AP3ESM operates efficiently on two heterogeneous systems while incurring minimal development overhead. Advanced optimization techniques, such as adaptive parallel algorithms, AI-enhanced physical parameterizations, and mixed-precision computations, have been implemented to further boost the computational efficiency. Breaking the 1-km resolution barrier, AP3ESM delivers 0.85 and 1.98 simulated-years-per-day (SYPD) for the standalone atmosphere and ocean components on 34.1 million Sunway cores and 16085 GPUs, respectively; the holistic AP3ESM achieves 0.54 SYPD on 37.2 million Sunway cores. Notably, the forecast experiment successfully captures Super Typhoon Doksuri in 2023 and its associated extreme rainfall across China.