Advances and prospects of respiratory mucosal vaccines: mechanisms, technologies, and clinical applications

作者：Jiaxuan Li, Guangshang Wu, Zhiwei Huang, Jiangshan Hu, X. Tie, Hao Wu, Zhiyi Wang, Keda Chen · 发表于：npj Vaccines · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1038/s41541-025-01280-0 · 被引用次数：26 · 研究领域：Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections、Pediatric health and respiratory diseases、Respiratory viral infections research

Respiratory mucosal immunity constitutes a critical barrier against pathogen invasion and has emerged as a promising target for vaccine development. This review outlines current understanding of its mechanisms, recent technological advances, and clinical progress. Compared with conventional vaccines, mucosal vaccines more effectively elicit localized and systemic immune responses. Key challenges and future directions are discussed, highlighting their potential in controlling emerging respiratory infections through improved immunological protection.