Heterogeneity in Prevalence, Incidence, and Clearance of Anal Human Papillomavirus Among HIV-Negative and HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: An Observational Cohort Study

作者：Tian Tian, Zhen Lu, Jingjing He, Leiwen Fu, Wenhui Yu, Zewen Zhang, Zhen Chen, Huachun Zou, Jianghong Dai · 发表于：Vaccines · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/vaccines13111144 · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：Cervical Cancer and HPV Research、Reproductive tract infections research、Women's cancer prevention and management

BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, with HIV-positive MSM bearing the highest disease burden. Longitudinal data on anal HPV infection among HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM are limited. We assessed and compared the prevalence, incidence, and clearance of anal HPV infection among HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM in Xinjiang, China. METHODS: Sexually active HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM aged 18 years and older have been enrolled in an ongoing observational cohort study of HPV since 1 September 2016, in Xinjiang, China. Participants were followed up on every 6 months with anal HPV testing and questionnaires regarding sexual behaviors. We compared HPV prevalence, incidence, and clearance between HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM. Prevalence ratios (PRs), incidence rate ratios (IRRs), and clearance rate ratios (CRRs) for HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 1425 MSM, including 131 HIV-positive and 1294 HIV-negative individuals, with a median age of 29 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 24 to 36), were included in our analysis. Compared with HIV-negative MSM, HIV-positive MSM demonstrated significantly higher prevalence across both individual and grouped HPV genotypes. Specifically, the prevalence of grouped HPV genotypes (any, high-risk, low-risk, 9v, 4v, HPV16/18, and HPV 6/11) was consistently elevated in HIV-positive individuals. PRs for individual HPV types 31, 45, 34...