Precision Reprogramming in CAR-T Cell Therapy: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Directions of Advanced Gene Editing

作者：Zimo Jia, Jiajin Wu, Jiyue Zhang, Peixian Zheng, Haoxuan Zhang, Yiqin Lin, Tao Pan, Meng Wu, Yuqin Song · 发表于：International Journal of Biological Sciences · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.7150/ijbs.124144 · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：CAR-T cell therapy research、CRISPR and Genetic Engineering、Virus-based gene therapy research

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy represents a breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy, demonstrating impressive clinical outcomes, particularly for hematologic malignancies. However, its broader therapeutic application, especially against solid tumors, remains limited. Key challenges include T cell exhaustion, limited persistence, cytokine-mediated toxicities, and logistical hurdles associated with manufacturing autologous products. Emerging gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas systems, base editing, and prime editing, offer novel approaches to optimize CAR-T cells, aiming to enhance efficacy while managing toxicity and improving accessibility. This review comprehensively examines the current landscape of these gene editing tools in CAR-T cell therapy, highlighting the latest advancements, persisting challenges, and future directions. Leveraging gene editing holds the potential to transform CAR-T therapy into a more potent, safer, and broadly applicable modality for cancer and beyond.