Quantifying realized ecosystem services from the supply-flow-demand perspective and understanding the management implications: a case study of the Chengdu Prefecture, China

作者：Kai Li, Jing Liu, Hua Zheng, Ying Hou, Qi Fu, Chundi Chen, Lang Yuan, Bingyang Lv, Shiliang Liu, YouYou Huang, Xi Li · 发表于：Ecological Indicators · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.114337 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Land Use and Ecosystem Services、Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management、Urban Green Space and Health

• A realized ecosystem service (ES) evaluation framework was proposed. • The realized ESs and ES supplies of crop pollination, flood regulation and natural recreation showed different distributions. • The trade-offs/synergies of realized ES pairs help managers avoid overestimating the ES synergy. • The ES management zone scheme is influenced by the adoption of the realized ES or ES supply in bundle analysis. • The hotspot of the realized ES can identify the areas crucial for providing the actual benefit. To efficiently improve human wellbeing by managing ecosystem services (ESs), decision-makers have shown more interest in how many ESs are used by humans (realized service, RS) over how many ESs are provided by ecosystems (service supply, SS). However, the RS is determined by ecosystems, social systems and their complex interactions simultaneously, so RS evaluation is still challenging. In this study, we constructed an RS evaluation framework from the supply-flow-demand perspective, and applied this framework to four typical ESs in the Chengdu Prefecture, China. We quantified the SS and RS of the four ESs, and then compared the trade-offs/synergies and hotspots of the SS and RS to discuss how the RS adoption influences management decision-making. Our results show that: (1) Except for carbon sequestration, the SS and RS of the other three ESs exhibited different distributions. (2) For ES synergies/trade-offs, all the ES pairs showed synergies from the SS perspective, while such...