Recent advances in Bletilla striata polysaccharide research: extraction methodologies, structural elucidation, pharmacological mechanisms, structure–activity relationships, and therapeutic delivery applications

作者：Bo Wang, Chaomeng Wu, Yaohong Ma, Xiaofen Liu, Lijun Tao, Xuebing Zhou, Lin Jia · 发表于：Frontiers in Pharmacology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3389/fphar.2025.1688676 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Biological and pharmacological studies of plants、Phytochemistry and biological activity of medicinal plants、Phytochemistry and Biological Activities

polysaccharide (BSP), is a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide composed primarily of mannose and glucose. Various extraction techniques-including hot water, ultrasonic assisted, and microbial fermentation methods-have been developed to isolate BSPs, with extraction parameters significantly influencing its structural features. BSPs exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, such as wound healing, immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and gut microbiota regulatory effects. Despite extensive studies, the structure-activity relationships (SARs) and toxicological profile of BSPs remain incompletely understood. Owing to its favorable biodegradability and biocompatibility, BSPs show promise as a nanocarrier for drug delivery. This review summarizes advanced purification and structural characterization techniques, pharmacological mechanisms, potential toxicities, and drug delivery applications of BSPs, providing a translational framework for future research and development.