Source Apportionment of Soil Heavy Metals in Urban Agglomerations Based on the APCS-MLR Model

作者：Yanjie Zhang, Yunxia Wang, Yuan Zhang, Xinmiao Wang, Min Li, Lei Yang · 发表于：Sustainability · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3390/su17219798 · 被引用次数：1 · 研究领域：Heavy metals in environment、Urban Heat Island Mitigation、Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity

In order to study the differential characteristics of heavy metal contamination levels and their sources in soils under various land use types and anthropogenic activities at a regional scale, this study focused on the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration in North China. We analyzed heavy metal content in three land use types (urban green spaces, croplands, and vegetable fields/orchards) through field sampling and laboratory analysis, with content determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The sources of heavy metals were quantitatively apportioned their sources using the absolute principal component score–multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) method. Results of this study are as follows: (1) Heavy metal content varied among different soil types, with vegetable fields/orchards soils showing relatively higher content. Urban green spaces and cropland soils exhibited comparable heavy metal levels, though urban green spaces displayed higher spatial heterogeneity, while cropland soils showed more homogeneous distributions. (2) The APCS-MLR model identified five pollution sources: mixed traffic–coal combustion sources, industrial sources, agricultural sources, natural sources, and unknown sources. Natural sources were consistently the dominant contributors of arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni) across all three land use types, with contribution rates of 32.62–70.26%. Traffic and coal combustion emissions were the primary sources of lead...