A lightweight infrared remote sensing architecture for enhanced small target detection using improved DETR with CST modules

作者：Hongyi Duan, Jinyang Niu, Junjie Hao, Pengyue Hao, Jia Xu · 发表于：Scientific Reports · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1038/s41598-025-22273-y · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Advanced Neural Network Applications、Infrared Target Detection Methodologies、Remote-Sensing Image Classification

Infrared remote sensing (IRS) ship detection faces challenges such as low resolution and environmental interference, with issues being particularly pronounced for small targets. This study proposes a lightweight architecture based on RT-DETR, termed RT-DETR-CST: A Cross-Channel Feature Attention Network (CFAN) is constructed, which achieves channel-weighted feature fusion via residual connections to suppress invalid background channels, addressing the problem of inter-channel information imbalance in infrared images and the suppression of small-target features by background noise. A Scale-Wise Feature Network (SWN) is developed, utilizing depthwise separable convolutions and stochastic depth for multi-scale feature extraction, where stochastic depth enhances the model's robustness to small-target features. A Texture/Detail Capture Network (TCN) is built, achieving edge/detail capture through linear decomposition and low-cost channel fusion to solve the problems of target edge blurring and detail feature loss in infrared images caused by low signal-to-noise ratios. Experiments on the ISDD datasets show that RT-DETR-CST achieves an mAP0.5 metric of 89.4% (a 4.9% improvement over RT-DETR), reduces model size to 23.7 MB (a 41.5% reduction), and achieves an inference speed of 207.2 FPS. Ablation experiments validate the effectiveness of each module, demonstrating the model's superior accuracy, lightweight design, and real-time performance in infrared ship remote sensing small-targ...