Association of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome with depression and all-cause mortality: a population-based observational study

作者：Wei Liu, Zhijuan Li, Ping Ma · 发表于：Frontiers in Nutrition · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.3389/fnut.2025.1620008 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes、Dialysis and Renal Disease Management、Cardiac Health and Mental Health

Background Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (CKM) is a novel multi-system disease defined by the American Heart Association (AHA). This study aims to investigate the prevalence of depression in different stages of CKM syndrome and its relationship with the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with depression. Methods The data used for this study were sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the National Death Index (NDI) database, which were conducted from 2005 to 2020. CKM syndrome was classified into stages 0–4, among which stages 3–4 were defined as advanced CKM syndrome. Depression was defined according to the Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (PHQ-9). Multivariable logistic regression and multivariable Cox regression were performed as the main analytical methods. Age-standardized prevalence analysis among four groups and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were also carried out. Finally, a stratified analysis was conducted. Results A total of 15,156 participants were included in this study, with a median age of 49 years, among whom 7,608 (50%) were males. The numbers of participants in stages 0–4 of CKM were 1,360, 3,029, 8,246, 842, and 1,679, respectively. The age-standardized prevalence rates of depression in each stage were 3.40, 5.63, 7.44, 16.48, and 18.49%, respectively. In the process of logistic regression, all confounding variables were adjusted for comparison with the participants in stage 0 of CKM syndrome. It was re...