Supramolecular Macrocyclic Iodine Adsorbents Enable Photothermally Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

作者：Yue Wu, Wen J. Li, Shasha Li, Yanfei Niu, Cuihong Wang, Hai‐Bo Yang, Xiao‐Li Zhao, Xiaodong Li, Junfeng Fang, Xueliang Shi · 发表于：Advanced Science · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1002/advs.202516964 · 被引用次数：8 · 研究领域：Perovskite Materials and Applications、Covalent Organic Framework Applications、Layered Double Hydroxides Synthesis and Applications

In this study, the design and synthesis of two novel diazapentacene-based macrocycles (M3 and M4) is reported via a one-pot Yamamoto coupling reaction. These macrocycles are constructed by π-extension of a dihydrophenazine core, maintaining its excellent redox activity while offering enlarged cavities and enhanced electron-donating properties. As a result, M3 and M4 exhibit strong electron-rich characteristics and well-defined cavities, enabling their use as efficient iodine adsorbents to mitigate photo-thermal-induced iodine loss and perovskite degradation in solar cells. The macrocycles demonstrate dual-mode iodine capture: physical adsorption through cavity confinement and chemical adsorption via charge-transfer interactions, both of which show excellent reversibility. Addressing the critical issue of operational instability in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), caused by iodine escape and Pb⁰ defect formation, these macrocycles effectively trap volatile iodine species and suppress defect generation. Notably, PSCs incorporating macrocycle M4 achieve a high efficiency of 26.13% and outstanding operational stability, retaining ≈95.85% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h of maximum power point (MPP) tracking at 85 °C under the International Summit on Organic Photovoltaic Stability-Light-Soaking Test at 65/85 °C (ISOS-L-2) protocol.