Appetite hormones rather than proinflammatory cytokines differentiate bipolar I and II depression: a classification and regression tree analysis

作者：Shao-Lun Ko, Ya-Mei Bai, Ju-Wei Hsu, Shih‐Jen Tsai, Mu‐Hong Chen · 发表于：European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1007/s00406-025-02132-7 · 被引用次数：1 · 研究领域：Bipolar Disorder and Treatment、Tryptophan and brain disorders、Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases

BACKGROUND: Appetite hormones and proinflammatory cytokines play a role in differentiating between bipolar I disorder (BD1) and bipolar II disorder (BD2). In this study, we developed a composite predictor of appetite hormones and proinflammatory cytokines to differentiate between BD1 and BD2. METHODS: Adult patients aged 20–59 with either BD1 or BD2 and experiencing a major depressive episode were included in the study. Cytokines such as C-reactive protein, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α and appetite hormones such as leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, and insulin were evaluated as potential predictors through a classification and regression tree (CRT) to differentiate between BD1 and BD2. RESULTS: A composite predictor of adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin was significantly more accurate (for BD1: area under the curve = 0.897; for BD2: area under the curve = 0.905, P > 0.05) in differentiating between BD2 and BD1 than any single predictor (four appetite hormones and six cytokines). High levels of adiponectin and ghrelin and high and low levels of leptin (≤ 4430.8 and > 10,957.2 ng/L) were associated with BD2, whereas low levels of adiponectin and ghrelin and intermediate levels of leptin were associated with BD1. CONCLUSIONS: The composite predictor of appetite hormones showed potential for distinguishing between BD1 and BD2 during depressive episodes. However, given the exploratory nature of the analysis and the limited sample size, further studies are ne...