A New Clinical Classification Method for Gynecomastia Based on Chest Appearance and MR/CT Images

作者：Jing Gu, Haiyang Hu, Jianghui Ying, Qin Xu, Lu Lu, Xiaoyan Yu, Ni Zhuang, Jing Zhou, Hua Jiang, Hui Wang · 发表于：Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1007/s00266-025-05196-x · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：Male Breast Health Studies、Breast Cancer Treatment Studies、Breast Lesions and Carcinomas

BACKGROUND: Classification theories for gynecomastia often conflate breast ptosis degree with subcutaneous soft tissue composition, leading to further confusion in determining appropriate surgical regions and techniques. To address this, we propose a new clinical classification method for gynecomastia. METHODS: We first divided each side of male chest into six distinct regions, then separated the concept of grade and type in gynecomastia classification. Five grades were defined based on chest appearance and breast ptosis (skin redundancy). Grade 1-4 Patients underwent surgery in region 1-4 accordingly, with region 5-6 addressed if necessary. Grade 5 patients received treatment in all six regions. Two types with six subtypes were defined based on the proportion and distribution of subcutaneous glandular tissue shown in MR/CT images. Type 1 (A-C) patients typically required liposuction alone, with pull-through added if necessary, while Type 2 (A/B) patients generally required additional pull-through. For Type 2C patients, mammotome-assisted resection was used to remove dense, enlarged glands. RESULTS: Two hundred and ninety-seven gynecomastia patients were included in this study. There were 32, 183, 45, 12, and 5 patients in grade 1-5, respectively, along with 20 patients with asymmetric gynecomastia. A total of 132 patients underwent preoperative MR/CT imaging, with 85 classified as Type 1, 39 as Type 2, and 8 as asymmetric cases. CONCLUSION: We propose a new gynecomastia clas...