Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Age-Related Macular Degeneration

作者：Abhimanyu S. Ahuja, Alfredo A Paredes, Benjamin K. Young · 发表于：JAMA Ophthalmology · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.3821 · 被引用次数：13 · 研究领域：Diabetes Treatment and Management、Retinal Diseases and Treatments、Medication Adherence and Compliance

Importance: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are increasingly used for weight loss, but their ocular effects in nondiabetic individuals remain unclear. Prior studies suggest GLP-1RA use reduced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) risk in patients with diabetes, but applicability to nondiabetic populations is unknown. Objective: To evaluate the risk of developing nonexudative AMD and its progression to exudative AMD among patients with obesity but not diabetes prescribed GLP-1RAs compared with those prescribed other weight-loss drugs (OWLDs). Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cohort study used electronic health record data obtained from the multicenter TriNetX Global Collaborative Network on patients aged 55 years or older diagnosed with overweight or obesity but not diabetes from January 2004 to July 2025. For the primary analysis, patients with preexisting nonexudative AMD were excluded. For the secondary analysis, patients with preexisting nonexudative AMD were included, while those with preexisting exudative AMD were excluded. Propensity score matching balanced baseline demographics and comorbidities. Data were analyzed on March 21, 2025, and August 2, 2025. Exposures: Patients were prescribed either the GLP-1RAs liraglutide or semaglutide or OWLDs including lorcaserin, sibutramine, setmelanotide, fenfluramine, mazindol, orlistat, phentermine, and diethylpropion. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was development of n...