Insights from 24-hour actigraphy using functional linear modeling in children with and without ADHD

作者：Mirjam Ziegler, Pascal-M. Aggensteiner, Katja Becker, Manfred Döpfner, Julia Geißler, Sarah Hohmann, Reto Huber, Christine Igel, Karina Jansone, Konstantin Mechler, Sabina Millenet, Marcel Romanos, Daniel Brandeis, Tobias Banaschewski, Anna Kaiser · 发表于：Scientific Reports · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1038/s41598-025-24040-5 · 被引用次数：2 · 研究领域：Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder、Sleep and related disorders、Sleep and Wakefulness Research

Sleep problems and alterations in circadian rhythmicity have been widely reported in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients, but studies covering the full 24h-motor-activity patterns to explore whole-day activity cycles are scarce. Furthermore, correlates and predictors of (hyper-)activity patterns are largely unknown. A subsample of 74 children (6-12 years) with ADHD (n = 35) participating in the multicenter study ESCAlife and n = 39 controls recruited in one center were assessed using 24h-actigraphy for two weeks. Functional linear modeling (FLM) was applied to the actigraphy data and further post-hoc correlational analyses were conducted. FLM revealed no significant differences in 24h-actigraphy profiles between children with and without ADHD, but differentiated between ADHD presentations (combined vs. inattentive) around sleep onset time (around 8:00p.m.) on free days. In the ADHD group, the 24h-actigraphy profiles were associated with measures of the chronotype and early regulation problems in toddler age; in the control group, with daylight exposure. Finding 24h-activity profile differences between ADHD presentations, but not between ADHD and control children as in classical analyses of sleep-onset latency suggests that comprehensive 24h-FLM analyses and focused sleep-related analyses of actigraphy data capture complementary aspects altered in ADHD and its presentations. Another limitation is that the majority of children with ADHD were medicated. Howe...