Long-Term Cardiac Electrical Imaging Enabled by Ultrahigh-Resolution Foldable Heart–Machine Interfaces

作者：Hang Chen, Yizhou Jiang, Qingyan Rao, Li Ding, Jialu Wu, Shihua Zhao, Jie Qi, Yanwei Cai, Yiming Wang, Yishi Yang, Yan Zhang, Xingyu Jiang · 发表于：Nano Letters · 年份：2025 · DOI：10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c04419 · 被引用次数：3 · 研究领域：Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials、Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine、Neuroscience and Neural Engineering

The advancement of electrophysiological mapping for cardiac arrhythmias relies critically on overcoming key interface challenges: long-term biocompatibility, spatial resolution limitations, and mechanical mismatch with dynamic cardiac tissue. To address these, we developed a rapid encapsulation method for liquid metal electrode arrays at the 10-μm scale, enabling the fabrication of ultrahigh-density and flexible sensor arrays (∼28570 sensors/cm 2 ) within 30 min. It constructs a fully foldable, high-density heart–machine interface deployable via minimally invasive access (<3 mm folded diameter). The interface achieves high-resolution imaging (in rat, rabbit, and dog models) of microscale electrical heterogeneity (e.g., 0.2 mm 2 reentrant pattern in ventricular fibrillation) while maintaining long-term reliability (100% electrode functionality over 98 days). This technology holds promise for advancing diverse human–machine interfaces for other organs and tissues, enabling the integration of multiple organs and even the whole body for comprehensive health management.